Andrographis Paniculata as HIV Inhibitor

andrographis paniculata

Andrographis Paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. But it is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it has been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases. Mostly the leaves and roots were used for medicinal purposes.

Etymology

Andrographis Paniculata is an erect annual herb extremely bitter in taste in all parts of the plant body. The plant is known in north-eastern India as Maha-tita, literally "king of bitters", and known by various vernacular names (see the table below). As an Ayurveda herb it is known as Kalmegh or Kalamegha, meaning "dark cloud". It is also known as Bhumi-neem, meaning "neem of the ground", since the plant, though being a small annual herb, has a similar strong bitter taste as that of the large Neem tree (Azadirachta indica). In Malaysia, it is known as Hempedu Bumi, which literally means 'bile of earth' since it is one of the most bitter plants that are used in traditional medicine. In Java this plant was known as sambiloto/sambiroto.

leafs of andrographis paniculata a.k.a sambiloto

Chemistry

Andrographolide, an active ingredient in Andrographis, has been shown to be responsible for the herb's inflammatory modulating actions, including the reduction of cytokine and peritoneal deposition of neutrophils, and modulation of lung inflammation in vivo.[11]

Andrographolide is the major constituent extracted from the leaves of the plant which is a bicyclic diterpenoid lactone. This bitter principle was isolated in pure form by Gorter (1911). Such other activities as liver protection under various experimental conditions of treatment with galactosamine (Saraswat et al., 1995[full citation needed]), paracetamol (Visen et al., 1993[full citation needed]) etc. are also attributed to andrographolide.[clarification needed] The hepatoprotective action of andrographolide is related to the activity of certain metabolic enzymes[vague] (Choudhury and Poddar, 1984, 1985;[full citation needed] Choudhury et al., 1987[full citation needed]). Systematic studies on chemistry of A. paniculata have been carried out.[12]

Some known constituents are:

• 14-Deoxy-11-dehydroandrographolide, Plant
• 14-Deoxy-11-oxoandrographolide, Plant
• 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2',3'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Plant
• 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2'-Trimethoxyflavone, Tissue Culture
• Neoandrographolide, Plant
• Panicoline, Root
• Paniculide-A, Plant
• Paniculide-B, Plant
• Paniculide-C, Plant"[13]
• Calcium and sodium
• Flavonoids are, among others, serve to prevent and destroy blood clots .
• Volatile oil (essential oil) are useful as anti-inflammatory /
• Andrographolid in plant and root. This substance produces a bitter taste superb on bitter . Generally, these substances are toxic.
• Alkane, ketones, aldehydes, acid grit, and resins.
• Potassium works to increase the amount of urine that help remove it.
• Laktone function as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic because it contains neoandrographolid, anrographolid, deoksiandrographolid, 14 - deoxy - 11, and 12 - didehidroandrographolid.

Medicinal Use

Androrapholid is a major component in Andographis Paniculata that have multiple pharmacological effects. The active substance is able to inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells, breast, and prostate. As choleritics, andrographolid, can improve the flow of bile, bile salts and bile acids. In addition, the bitter substances can also increase the production of antibodies (immunostimulant). Thanks to it's pharmacological effect of durability stimulate cellular (phagocytosis) and produce antibody (immunostimulant), in the world of modern medicine, bitter extract has been used as an inhibitor of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).

The results of pharmacological experiments showed that the water decoction of the leaves bitter 10% at a dosage of 0.3 ml / kg body weight can provide a reduction in blood sugar levels that are comparable to the provision of the glibenclamid. Besides the suspension, leaf Andrographis Paniculata also believed to be used as a cure typhus by taking 10- 15 leaves were boiled and drunk the water boiled.

Based on various active substances can be known for certain pharmacological effects of Andrographis Paniculata. Here are presented some of the effects or treatment effects of Andrographis Paniculata already known :

• Inhibit the growth of the placenta trofosit
• Anti-inflammatory 
• Anti- infection so that it can be used as an antibiotic to against the virus .
• Stimulates cell durability (phagocytosis) white blood so effective to treat the infection
• Anti bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Proteus vulgans, and Shigela dysenteriae. Able to fight the Salmonella bacteria and Escherichia Coli in patients with typhoid and dysentery .
• Inhibiting immune response (immunosuppression) and pain relievers (analgesics), fever reliever, busting heat, and swelling relievers.
• Antitoxin (detoksikasi)

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Temulawak (Curcuma Zanthorrhiza)

Curcuma zanthorrhiza, known as Temulawak, Java ginger or Javanese ginger, is a plant species, belonging to the ginger family. It is known in Javanese as temulawak, in Sundanese as koneng gede and in Madurese as temu labak. The scientific name is sometimes written as Curcuma xanthorrhiza, but this is an orthographical variant.

This plant originated from Indonesia, more specifically from Java island, out of which it spread to several places in the biogeographical region Malesia. Currently, most of the curcuma or temulawak is cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Outside of South East Asia, cultivars may be found also in China, Indochina, Barbados, India, Japan, Korea, the United States and some countries in Europe.

Characteristics 

Rod

Terna trunked false height to more than 1 m but less than 2 m. Pseudo-stem is part of the midrib of the leaves are erect and overlapping, color is green or dark brown. Rhizome fully formed and branched strong, large, branching, and reddish-brown, dark yellow or dark green. Each sprout from rhizomes form leaves 2-9 strands with a circular shape extending to wake lancet.

Leafs

Curcuma leaf length 31 cm - 84 cm and a width of 10 cm - 18 cm, length of petiole including strands of 43 cm - 80 cm, on each strand associated with the midrib and petiole rather long.

Flower

Flowers characteristics of curcuma is dark yellow flowers, uniquely shaped and clustered the inflorescence lateral, slender stalk and line-shaped scales, stem length 9 cm - 23 cm wide and 4 cm - 6 cm, leafy patron much longer than or comparable with petals. Fluffy white petals, length 8 mm - 13 mm, corolla tubular with an overall length of 4.5 cm, the strands of elongated circular-shaped flowers are white with red tip of the dice or a red, long 1.25 cm - 2 cm and 1 cm wide.

Fruit

Its rhizome flesh-colored orange or brown, pungent pungent and bitter taste.

Substances

Flesh (rhizome) of ginger has some chemical compounds which include fellandrean and turmerol or often called the oil evaporate. Then the essential oil, camphor, glucoside, foluymetik carbinol. And curcumin rhizome contained on this plant useful as acnevulgaris, as well as anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) and anti hepototoksik (anti poisoning bile).

In Indonesia, the only part that is used is the rhizome of curcuma to be made stew herb. This rhizome contains from 48 to 59.64% starch, 1.6 to 2.2% from 1.48 to 1.63% curcumin and volatile oil and is believed to improve kidney function and anti-inflammatory.

Constituent compounds of curcuma, among others, proteins, carbohydrates, and essential oil consisting of camphor, glucoside, fellandrean, tumerol (often called oil evaporates), foluymetik carbinol, a natural fiber, xanthorrhizol, germakron and curcumin. Helpful curcumin as an anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) and anti hepototoksik (anti poisoning bile). Curcuma has a pharmacological effect, namely, hepatoprotective (to prevent heart disease), lowering cholesterol levels, anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory), laxative (laxative), diuretics (laxative urine), and eliminate the pain in the joints.

Benefits of Curcuma

Curcuma for acne

Wash the curcuma rhizome of 1 finger, then cut into pieces as needed, then boiled in 4 cups of drinking water until the remaining half. Once cool, strain and add honey into the water, then drink.Treatment is done 2 times a day, each time just 1 cup.

Overcoming treat gastrointestinal

In preclinical found that rhizome powder can increase the activity in gastric fluid so that helps the metabolism and reduce the contraction of the small intestine.

How to dispensing : take 2 grams of dried rhizome or 8 grams of fresh curcuma, heat the rhizomes with water temperature of 90 degrees for 15 minutes, then filtered,
How to use : Drink 2-3 times daily between meals.

Curcuma Relieve Osteoarthritis

Ginger, or commonly known as Curcuma, has the ability to relieve inflammation, such as osteoarthritis. 

Curcuma Overcoming Cancer

Wild Curcuma is also effective in treating cancers, such as breast cancer, colon, and prostate. From the scientific journal "The Prostate", it is known that the content of curcumin in turmeric can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that by making the hypothesis that the Curcuma work to stop the blood vessels supplying the cancer growth.

Curcuma for Lymph ache

Ingredients : 2 rhizome of curcuma, galangal rhizome 1/2, 1 handful of leaves meniran.

How to dispensing : curcuma and galangal grated, then all of the ingredients are boiled with 1 liter of water to boiling, and filtered.

How to use : drink 1 a day 1 cup.

Curcuma for Kidney Pain

Ingredients : 2 rhizome of curcuma , 1 handful of kumis kucing leaves, 1 handful of leaves kecibeling.

Method : curcuma thinly sliced ​​, then boiled with other ingredients to 1 liter of water, and filtered .

How to use : drink for 3 days .

Curcuma for Lumbago

Ingredients : 1 rhizome of curcuma, a thumb of turmeric, 1 handful of  Orthosiphon aristatus leaves.

How to make : all the ingredients are boiled with 1 liter of water, and filtered.

How to use : drink 1 a day 1 cup.

Curcuma for Treating Asthma

Ingredients : 1 1/2 rhizome of curcuma, 1 piece of palm sugar .

How to dispensing : thinly sliced curcuma ​​and dried. Once dry boiled with 5 cups of water plus 1 piece of palm sugar to boil down to three cups, and then filtered .

Curcuma to Treat Grastric Pain

Ingredients : 1 rhizome of curcuma.

How to dispensing : thinly sliced curcuma and aerated briefly, then boiled with 5-7 glasses of water to boiling, and filtered.

How to use : drink 1 a day 1 cup.

Curcuma to cope with abdominal pain during menstruation

Ingredients : 1 rhizome of curcuma, 3 sour fruit eye, 1 slice of coconut sugar, salt to taste.

How to dispensing : grated curcuma, then boiled with other ingredients with 3-4 glasses of water to boil down to 2 cups.
How to use : drink 1 cup 2 times a day, morning and afternoon.

Curcuma to increase milk production

Ingredients : 1 1/2 rhizome of curcuma, and the saga flour taste.

How to dispensing : grated curcuma, then the two materials are mixed and added enough hot water so that it becomes mush.

How to use : edible usual.

Curcuma to increase appetite

Ingredients : 2 rhizome of curcuma, 1/4 of galangal rhizome, 1/2 handful of leaves meniran.

How to make : all the ingredients are boiled in 3 cups of water to boil down to 2 cups, and then filtered.

How to use : drink 2 times a day 1/2 cup.

Curcuma to treat cough and respiratory inflammations
Ingredients : 25 grams of grated curcuma rhizome

How to make : Add boiled water to taste, then filtered, add the honey, add juice of 1 lemon.

How to use : drink

Curcuma for Gallbladder Inflammation

Ingredients : 30 grams of curcuma rhizome in sliced

Method : Boil the water to the remaining 500 cc to 200 cc, then filtered.

How to use : drink

Curcuma Lowering High Cholesterol

Ingredients : 20 grams of dried curcuma rhizome in finely crushed.

Method : brewed with hot water to taste.

How to use : drink while warm

Curcuma for Stomach Inflammation

Ingredients : 30 grams of rhizome of curcuma cut into small pieces.

Method : Boil the 500 cc of water until remaining 200 cc, then filtered.

How to use: drink

Curcuma Lowering blood fat

The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicate that ginger extracts and fractions of curcuminoid can lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and increase levels of HDL cholesterol. Components that alleged role in lowering blood lipids is curcuminoid.
Curcuma as Antioxidant

Curcumin in turmeric is useful as an antioxidant because it can catch free radicals of oxygen such as superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals that help maintain health.

How to use : Use dry extract of boiled curcuma, drink 3 times a day, each time approximately 250-500 mg.

How to use Curcuma as drink daily

Three layers slices of dried curcuma, then boiled with 5-7 glasses of water, and filtered .

How to use : drink 1 a day 1 cup.

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Andong / Hanjuang (Cordyline Fruticosa) for Health

RED ANDONG / HANJUANG IN VEW OF THE BOTANIST

Red Andong or Hanjuang has a scientific name Cordyline Fruticosa. It seems that the classification of the plant is quite complicated so that he has so many other scientific names. Synonyms scientific name is Convallaria Fruticosa, Asparagus Terminalis, Aletris Chinensis, Dracaena Ferrea, Cordyline Terminalis, Dracaena Terminalis, and Terminalis Fructicosa. This plant could be considered as members of Liliaceae (type of lily), previously also entered into Dracaena group, or Laxmanniaceae, or Agaveceae, but now he has put into the group asparagaceae. The genus Cordyline itself consists of at least 15 species, with quite varied forms.

Because this plant is widespread begin Southeast Asia , Melanesia, Australia, Islands in the Indian Ocean, to Polynesia, then he has a lot of names or designations. Other names cabbage palm , good luck plant, ti plant, sabang, jijuang, mak mak pu mia, dracena, bloddracena, hanjuang, tie leaves, handwang, endong, linjuwang, bakjuang, renjuang, laklak, sawang, anjiluwang, anderuwang, lytic, ida'an, ti kouka, and cana la india.

Andong plant is often used as a barrier land , fields or gardens , ornamental plants , plants for graves in Indonesia . But it turns out, did you know that the benefits of the plant as a cure various diseases carriage turned out very much.

ANDONG/HANJUANG CHARACTERISTICS

General characteristics of plants are shrubs branched carriage . Have between 2-4 m high . The leaves on the top branches of crowding with spiral arrangement . Have stalk -like gutters . As well as the shape of the leaf blade line, 20-60 times 1-13 cm, with a wedge-shaped base and a pointed tip, green or red. Twig with former ring-shaped leaf loss. Leaf flower tent amounted to 6 that extends with a length of 1.3 cm . There are 3 extra pieces on the lower half attached , closely to the inside , the top part off and arched back again .

Andong has a shiny black seeds . Stamens amounted to 6 pieces and stuck on the hood of flowers. Anthers short 3 Taju. Buni fruit such as spherical shape, shiny red. Andong plant is one of the plants grown in the garden or in the gardens as a hedge plant. These plants come from East Asia , including in Indonesia , carriage plant often found in gardens as an ornamental plant

SUBSTANCE CONTENT OF ANDONG PLANT 

Andong plant contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, steroid, polysaccharides, calcium oxalate, and iron. All of these substances are generally located on the leaves. A small portion is located on the stems, flowers and roots

BENEFIT FROM ANDONG 

Here are some recipes using a medicinal herb of andong :

• Andong To Treat gingivitis 

          Portions were used : bark carriage.

          How to make a potion : skin abrasion carriage to taste, add a little salt, stir until smooth.

          How to use : Apply the herb on the inflamed gums

• Andong To Treat coughing up blood, bloody urine, or menses too much.

          Parts used are the leaves or roots
          Concocting way: namely by boiling the leaves fresh andong ± 90g, or dried roots carriage

          ± 50g with three cups of water until the remaining 1 cup. Filter It.

          How to use: Drinking in the morning and afternoon ½ cup.

• Andong For Diarrhea / Dysentery

          Portions were used: leaf / root crops
          How to create a potion: boil the leaves ± 90 g, or dried roots carriage ± 15 g using three                     glasses of  water. Boil until the remaining 1 cup. Strain, then divide into three glasses of the             same size.

          Usage: Drink 3 times a day, ie morning, noon, and evening.

• Andong To Treat Hemorrhoids

          Ingredients: 3 pieces + carriage leaves leaf fresh Wungu 7 strands.
          Concocting ways: boiled material with three cups of water until remaining 1 cup. Filter It
          Usage: drink regularly every day.

• Andong To cure stings of venomous animals

          Parts used: Leaves carriage.
          Concocting way: puree a few leaves of fresh carriage. Then heat over the fire.
          How to use: In warm conditions, rubbed on the body part injured in shock. 

          Wrapped with a cloth. Replace 2-3 times a day.

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